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Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.President Biden signed an executive order establishing a new national biomanufacturing initiative and pledging more than US$2 billion to fund building or expanding drug manufacturing facilities and ensuring an adequate supply of raw materials. The Biden administration’s goal is to strengthen the biotech supply chain and maintain US competitiveness with foreign manufacturers in the wake of major supply chain challenges and shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. $40 million of the pledge will go toward expanding the production of antibiotics and the base materials needed to produce products for future pandemic responses.A new study looking at antimicrobial resistance (AMR) records from laboratories in 14 African countries found that the basic requirements for testing for drug-resistant pathogens are unmet in most areas despite plans to tackle antimicrobial resistance on the continent. The researchers found that only 1.3 percent of the 50,000 medical laboratories included in the study were conducting bacteriology testing. Of those laboratories that were, even fewer were equipped to test for AMR and among those who were testing for AMR, only a third of the high-priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens designated by the World Health Organizations were being tested consistently. The study highlights larger challenges in Africa including limited access to antibiotics, imperfect use of antibiotics, and a lack of information about the impact of AMR because of incomplete and fragmented data.The smallpox treatment tecovirimat, or TPOXX, is undergoing a phase 3 clinical trial to test efficacy in treating monkeypox after preliminary data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed some alleviation of symptoms in patients. The trial is being run by the AIDS Clinical Trial Group in locations nationwide and will enroll more than 500 people who test positive for monkeypox. The intent is to provide stronger data that federal officials and agencies can use to inform decisions about the use of TPOXX in the national response to monkeypox.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.A University of Oxford research team published promising results for a new malaria vaccine, R21. The trial, conducted among 409 children in Burkina Faso, found that an initial three doses followed by a booster after one year showed up to 80 percent efficacy in preventing malaria. The developers say the vaccine can be produced for just a few dollars and that they expect the vaccine to be rolled out next year through a manufacturing deal for more than 100 million doses a year with the Serum Institute of India. The rollout of the vaccine will follow an approval process that hinges on the results from a larger trial, which will be published in the coming months. Both India and China have approved needle-free COVID-19 vaccines­—nasal and inhaled versions, respectively. The nasal version, licensed to Bharat Biotech, was developed by scientists at Washington University in St. Louis. CanSino Biologics has developed the inhaled version, which is a version of their own injected vaccine. Both vaccines use harmless cold viruses although the developers of the nasal version are seeking approval to use the vaccine as a regular and booster dose whereas the inhaled version was only tested as a booster. It is unclear when either vaccine will be available for distribution. These needle-free vaccines are just two of more than ten candidates being studied, as scientists are pursuing needle-free vaccines as a potential strategy to improve protection and make vaccines easier to administer, particularly in low-income countries.A new study published in the journal Radiology looked at Google’s artificial intelligence (AI) model for automating tuberculosis (TB) detection compared to radiologists identifying TB on chest X-rays. The model uses AI to analyze X-ray images to determine which patients should receive follow-up confirmatory molecular testing that is expensive and time-consuming. The AI model could address physician shortages as well as improve TB outcomes and lower costs. While the study revealed promising results across large and diverse patient populations, the model needs to be further tested in real world environments with populations that are older and have more atypical presentations of the disease or other lung abnormalities. A study in a Zambian clinic, which will be finished in the coming months will provide further insight into the potential of the model.