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In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. Bill Gates writes about global health innovation and how the private and public sectors can come together to create life-saving products for the world’s most impoverished. The Science Speaks blog compares the stances of presidential candidates Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on global health and other foreign aid spending. Last week, for the first-time-ever the world recognized Global Female Condom Day in the hopes of increasing recognition of a prevention technology that is too often overlooked. The White House Office of Management and Budget released a report on the potential impact of sequestration on federal agencies. Research and development programs at the Department of Defense could see a 9.4 percent cut in funding, while research and development programs within the Department of Health and Human Services, the State Department, and the US Agency for International Development could receive a 8.2 percent cut.

Last week, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced a key benchmark for the program—the formation of its new Advisory Council, which will meet for the first time later this month. Since NCATS was created, the GHTC has been particularly interested in tracking its progress in taking up initiatives that could accelerate the development of new drugs for global health. As the largest funder of global health research and development in the world, the NIH must ensure that its initiatives and programs like NCATS continue to support the creation of much-needed new tools like vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics. We’ve been waiting for NCATS to announce its Advisory Council members, in the hopes that scientific experts with a background in global health would provide much-needed guidance to the center’s director—as well as NIH Director Francis Collins and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius—on NCATS policies, initiatives, and programs. It comes as a disappointment, therefore, to learn that no global health experts are serving on the NCATS Advisory Council during this initial four-year term. Much like new initiatives coming out of NCATS, the center’s new council seems to focus primarily on diseases that affect US populations. NCATS should do more to speed the development of drugs for global health. There’s no question that rare and other diseases in the US deserve support from NCATS. But so do neglected diseases that affect people around the world. And as Peter Hotez from the Sabin Vaccine Institute recently pointed out, neglected tropical diseases, traditionally “confined” to developing countries, are becoming the new diseases of poverty in the US. With support from NCATS and other US government programs, researchers should receive much-needed funding to create new tools to fight neglected diseases that have long impacted people overseas and are now appearing domestically. It was encouraging to see that the new Review Board at the Cures Acceleration Network, an NCATS program, includes two global health experts. We hope that NCATS and its Advisory Council follow suit and start prioritizing research for global health.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. Christopher Austin has been named the new director of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences at the National Institutes of Health. A new analysis compares the innovation and science policies of presidential candidates Barack Obama (D) and Mitt Romney (R). A bill signed into law earlier this year that provided the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with funding is at risk due to federal budget negotiations. An opinion piece calls on US policymakers to “get serious” about funding scientific and research efforts. A breakthrough tool to combat tuberculosis has been launchedby the Critical Path Institute and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). The project was the result of collaboration between the Critical Path Institute, CDISC, the FDA, and others through the Critical Path to TB Drug Regimens. Researchers met this week in Boston for the AIDS Vaccine 2012 conference to discuss the latest in efforts to develop a vaccine against the disease.

In this guest post, Rianna Stefanakis—manager of Research and Policy at BIO Ventures for Global Health (BVGH)—writes about a new BVGH study this week in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. This post originally appeared on the BVGH blog. Here at BVGH, we spend a lot of time working on incentives to mobilize companies toward pursuit of research and development (R&D) projects that tackle neglected tropical diseases. In this quest, we’ve focused a lot of our attention on the Priority Review Voucher (PRV) program—administered by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA)—because it’s a rare instance of an innovative, cost-neutral program targeted specifically at incentivizing R&D for neglected diseases, and has actually been implemented. Because there is only one example of a voucher being awarded and used since the program was instituted in 2007, there’s a healthy debate around the impact of the PRV and its effectiveness in actually stimulating private sector investment in new neglected disease product development. One aspect of that debate is that pharmaceutical and biotech company executives often cite uncertainty around the value of a voucher as a reason for questioning the PRV’s merit. But regardless of the uncertainty surrounding its value, the PRV program has had some impact on decision-making around neglected disease product development in the private sector, as seen in recent statements by companies such as PaxVax. Investors, CEOs, and other industry executives are familiar with the program, but there has been no in-depth analysis to better understand and document the perceptions of these stakeholders, including their estimates of the PRV’s value. To address this evidence gap, BVGH recently conducted a survey of companies with active drug or vaccine programs in one of the 16 PRV-eligible neglected tropical diseases. Our results are fresh off the online journal presses this week in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Our study focused on understanding three areas: The influence of the PRV in setting priorities within biopharmaceutical companies developing medicines for neglected tropical diseases. The perceived monetary value of the PRV. Barriers toward improving the PRV as an incentive for the development of new neglected tropical disease medicines. We received responses from 12 companies, representing 27 unique neglected tropical disease drug or vaccine programs. Through the survey and follow-up interviews, we found that the majority of respondents did consider the PRV incentive when deciding whether or not to pursue neglected tropical disease R&D programs. In fact, two respondents specifically said the PRV was the controlling factor in the initiation or continuation of their respective neglected tropical disease programs. When compared to other possible motivating factors, however, the PRV ranked lower than other identified incentives, such as potential market value in the developing world or emerging markets. This result was not surprising. It is clear that the PRV is not a panacea, but one of a number of incentives meant to encourage biopharmaceutical companies to engage in neglected disease R&D. In addition to the impact of the PRV on portfolio prioritization, we also compiled data on the perceived monetary value of the voucher. Responses spanned a wide range, suggesting there is no industry consensus on the value of the PRV. This finding is not surprising since a PRV has not actually been sold, nor has there been a dollar amount attached to a voucher’s use. The bottom line is that without a better understanding of the actual market for a voucher, a PRV’s value is uncertain and difficult to assess. This was clear in our follow-up interviews with survey respondents. The respondents underscored, first and foremost, the need for a demonstrated sale of a voucher, with the purchase price disclosed. They also cited a need for the FDA to demonstrate support of the program. Finally, developers cited the need for revisions to the implementation rules governing the PRV program—changes that would have to be made by the FDA and Congress. These revisions varied among respondents and included relaxing the requirement that companies issue a one-year advanced notice prior to redeeming a PRV, relaxing the limit on voucher transferability, and providing greater clarity into the revision process for the list of PRV-eligible diseases. We hope these constructive suggestions will be considered by the FDA and other industry stakeholders. These documented suggestions should also be examined in light of the recently-passed Creating Hope Act legislation, which creates a parallel three-voucher pilot PRV program for rare pediatric diseases. Despite these uncertainties, we remain convinced that the PRV represents a valuable incentive for neglected disease research. The PRV program will ultimately generate a number of vouchers—as more PRV-eligible drug candidates are approved—which will reinforce the utility as well as the value of the PRV program. Those approved drugs will have the potential to make a real difference in the fight against neglected tropical diseases. The full paper can be found here.