News

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. More detailed information about the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2015 budget requests to Congress was released this week, resulting in a mixed bag for global health research and development. The Congressional Budget Justifications—annual presentations to Congress to justify requests for funding—help shed more light on the administration’s priorities for FY 2015. The results of a Phase III clinical trial for a rotavirus vaccine were released this week and published in The Lancet. The vaccine candidate—which was tested in India—was found to be safe and have modest efficacy of 53.6 percent against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. New data shows that the number of principle investigators with National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding dropped significantly last year—between 500 and 1000 researchers. While NIH funding has been on the decline over the last several years, the most significant drop in researchers was due to last year’s sequestration. GHTC member Seattle BioMed has a received a $9.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to develop two new vaccines against HIV and AIDS. Seattle BioMed will lead a consortium of academic institutions working together on the project, including Rockefeller University, the University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

As more detailed information about the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2015 budget requests to Congress is released, the results continue to be a mixed bag for global health research and development (R&D). The Congressional Budget Justifications—annual presentations to Congress to justify requests for funding—help shed a light into the administration’s priorities for FY 2015. National Institutes of Health (NIH) While the President made a modest request for overall NIH funding, the release of the NIH congressional budget justifications gives us a better sense of how the President hopes to fund specific institutes and programs at the agency. The National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIAID) did include increases of $5.76 million for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, $6.95 million for infectious and immunologic diseases, and $23.4 million for HIV and AIDS research compared with funding for FY 2014. The President’s request for the Office of AIDS Research—which covers all HIV and AIDS activities within all of the centers at NIH—was $3.004 billion. While this is nearly a $20 million increase from 2014 enacted levels, this number is still below enacted numbers for 2011 and 2012. Within this request was a decrease of 0.4 percent from 2014 funding for microbicides, an increase of 0.8 percent for vaccine research and a decrease of 1.4 percent for therapeutics research. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Historically, research at the CDC has led to major advances against devastating diseases, including the eradication of smallpox and advances in AIDS research. With a disappointing funding request for NIH, we were glad to see a much stronger request for the global health budget within the CDC. The President’s request included $445.29 million for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious diseases, a $54.85 million increase from FY 2014 levels. Included in this was the $30 million requested for the Advanced Molecular Detection Initiative. The $30 million will go towards investments in advanced molecular detection technologies to help speed up outbreak detection and increase response efficacy. We’re glad to see the Administration acknowledging the need for the CDC to be cutting-edge in an increasingly global arena. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amongst the government agencies involved in various stages of the development pipeline, the FDA has a vital role to play in accelerating the review of new global health products and strengthening the global regulatory system. Despite the tough budgetary times we currently face, Congress has been asking the FDA to do more with less. That said, we were pleased to see the President acknowledge that increased authority should also mean increased funding, with a robust request of $4.7 billion for the FDA, an 8.1 percent increase from Congress’ appropriation for 2014. The FDA’s Congressional Budget Justification acknowledged the unique role of the agency as an important international collaborator for global health through research and information sharing. The language specifically highlights the Biologics Program and its work to promote research and information sharing to facilitate access to vaccines and other products, harmonize regulatory standards, and establish and maintain standards for biologics. Another highlight is the news that FDA is in the process of drafting a proposed rule to add to their current list of neglected diseases for which they can allow accelerated reviews, and is specifically considering adding Chagas disease. US Agency for International Development (USAID) As we reported in our first blog post, while funding for global health at USAID and the Department of State was fairly disappointing, we were pleased to see an increase in the President’s request for malaria. Notable in this request was acknowledgement of the need for continued funding for R&D to support “the development of new malaria vaccine candidates, antimalarial drugs, new insecticides, and other malaria related research with multilateral donors.” Also in the USAID request was $153 million in central funding to accelerate science, technology innovation, and partnership. USAID describes this aim to “develop and scale breakthrough solutions and accelerate the transformation of the United States’ development enterprise by leveraging outside resources and improving the sustainability of development programs by attracting private-sector, market driven resources.” Department of Defense (DoD) DoD is the only US agency that funds global health research and product development from discovery to introduction. While we’re still sifting through all of the details in the Defense budget justifications, R&D at the agency—including health R&D—increased overall by 1.7 percent over FY 2014 enacted levels. Much of the global health research at DoD is funded through the Army’s Research, Development Testing and Evaluation (RDT&E) division as well as the Defense Health Program—including research on HIV and AIDS, malaria, and leishmaniasis. While we’re grateful the administration is continuing to recognize the need for sustained, robust support for global health R&D across several agencies, the decline of global health research funding in some key accounts remains concerning. We’ll look to Congress to equip these agencies with the necessary resources to carry out their essential role in developing new global health tools.