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In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. A new analysis by amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, finds that global health funding accounts for about one quarter of one percent of the total US federal budget. These programs help fight diseases like HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and neglected tropical diseases. As a result sequestration, TB research at federal agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the US Agency for International Development has been reduced significantly. The number of approvals for drug treatments targeting neglected diseases such as HIV and AIDS and malaria has increased in recent years, but research and development spending has leveled off, according to a report from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development. Trevor Mundel, president of the Global Health Division at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, examines how innovative financing can help spur global health research and product development. Reps. Ted Poe (R-TX) and Gerry Connolly (D-VA)—along with Sens. Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Ben Cardin (D-MD)—have introduced companion bills that aim to improve the accountability and transparency of US foreign assistance programs.

Today, the Senate appropriations committee approved a fiscal year (FY) 2014 appropriations bill that outlines funding levels for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (Labor-HHS) Appropriations Bill would take the positive step of restoring sequestration cuts to CDC and NIH, although there is mixed news for global health programs at the agencies. NIH The bill would fund the NIH at a total of $30.9 billion in FY 2014, restoring this year’s five percent sequestration cut and providing a small increase over last year’s budget. Science Insider reports that the NIH had “strong support” from Senate Appropriations Committee Chair Barbara Mikulski (D-MD), who recently said that she is determined to reverse "reckless cuts to American biomedical research." In her opening remarks earlier today, Sen. Mikulski said, “Because of the investments we have made in NIH over the past decades, … HIV and AIDS is no longer a death sentence, and polio and small pox are essentially eradicated in this country. These medical breakthroughs didn’t just happen, they occurred because this Committee supported NIH, and the NIH supported dedicated scientists who sought knowledge and medical breakthroughs. We must keep up this support.” The bill includes $50 million, five times the FY 2013 level, for NIH’s Cures Acceleration Network, which aims to speed the translation of medical research discoveries in the laboratory that have not advanced far enough to attract significant investments from the private sector. According to Nature, in order to approve a new NIH budget—as opposed to passing yet another continuing resolution for FY 2014—the House and Senate must agree on a common figure for the agency. As a comparison, the House FY 2014 Labor-HHS bill would provide $8 million less for NIH compared with the Senate version. The Senate Labor-HHS appropriations bill for FY2014 would fund the NIH at $30.9 billion and the CDC at $7.022 billion. Credit: PATH/Evelyn Hockstein CDC The Senate bill would provide CDC with $7.022 billion in funding for FY 2014. The bill would restore the $800 million cut from CDC’s budget by sequestration and add a $22 million funding increase. The bill would provide $391.9 million for CDC’s Center for Global Health. This would include $116.9 million for CDC’s Global AIDS Program, which is equivalent to the FY 2013 level, but $15 million below President Obama’s FY 2014 request. The bill would provide $19.3 million for CDC’s Parasitic Diseases and Malaria program, which is comparable to FY 2013 levels, but less than the $22.2 million requested by Obama. CDC’s Division of Tuberculosis Elimination would receive flat funding at the FY 2013 funding level of $140 million. No additional funding for the division’s research programs was allocated. Finally, the bill also contains a total of $19.2 million for Global Public Health Capacity Development. These funds are for a new initiative to support public health capacity building in at least five developing countries over a two-year period to be overseen by CDC. The fate of the Labor-HHS appropriations bill is unclear from this point on. There is a $91 billion funding gap between the House and Senate overall budgets for FY 2014. And while the House Labor-HHS subcommittee has its overall budget, the subcommittee has not announced a date for consideration of a bill. Whatever happens, both the House and Senate must work to protect funding levels at the NIH, CDC, and all federal agencies that support global health and research programs.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. FasterCures recently hosted a congressional briefing, during which more than 100 congressional staffers, patient advocates, academics, and drug developers came together to hear about the importance of federally supported translational research. PATH and Standard Diagnostics, Inc., have formed an agreement to bring to market a rapid test for the neglected tropical disease onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. For the first time, an international team of researchers has estimated that after an initial dengue infection, a person is protected from infection with other strains for between one and three years. The results have implications for designing more effective dengue vaccine studies. Recent breakthroughs in HIV prevention research and development have confirmed the promise of new options to help end the AIDS epidemic and highlight the urgent need for ongoing research to develop additional prevention options, according to a new report from the HIV Vaccines and Microbicides Resource Tracking Working Group. Health advocates are saying that a free trade pact under negotiation between the United States and 11 Asia-Pacific nations will impose intellectual property rules that could restrict access to affordable medicines in developing countries.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. The TB Alliance recently launched an online resource that allows users to follow the progress of the organization’s efforts to develop new drugs for tuberculosis (TB). The US Food and Drug Administration has announced a five-year, $7.5 million contract with the World Health Organization (WHO) to support regulatory science and enhance global regulatory capacity. The funding will support WHO’s efforts to provide substantial regulatory support to many of its 193 Member States. A new report from the Institute of Medicine finds that a National Institutes of Health program to spur the translation of science to clinical therapies is largely successful but could be more collaborative. WHO, the World Trade Organization, and the World Intellectual Property Organization are planning a discussion on the current model for researching and developing new medical and pharmaceutical products—as well as new incentives and collaborative innovation models. The University of Washington has received funding from the Department of Defense to continue a project aimed at developing a small, paper-based device that could test for infectious in areas where diagnostic capabilities are limited.