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In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. A new report sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation examines the need for post-market surveillance for new drugs and vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. The report is based off the findings from the Safety Surveillance Working Group, and provides recommendations stakeholders should take to strengthen post-market surveillance of global health products. The University of South Florida’s Center for Drug Development and Innovation, and the College of Public Health’s Department of Global Health have been awarded a grant of $2.1 million from the National Institutes of Health. The focus of the research will be to see how parasites, like malaria, grow. At a recent event in Washington, DC, US Agency for International Development (USAID) Administrator Rajiv Shah underscored the agency’s commitment to public-private partnerships. According to Devex, 40 percent of USAID’s resources are programmed through public-private partnerships. New studies show that patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and HIV and AIDS have a higher chance of living if they take simultaneous treatment for both diseases, as oppose to waiting to take HIV and AIDS treatment. The initial study was small in size, but concurs with three previous major studies of people with regular TB and HIV and AIDS.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. The University of Dundee in Scotland has developed a new antimalarial compound in their Drug Discovery Unit that has been selected by GHTC member Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) for further preclinical development. According to Dr. Kevin Read, co-project leader at University of Dundee, the compound will now undergo scale-up and further testing with the goal of entering human clinical trials in the next 18 months. In a Q&A, PATH Technology Solutions Program Leader Anurag Mairal writes about product development and distribution challenges in global health. Mairal writes: “The biggest challenge with all of these great innovations is that they’re sometimes disconnected from the realities of what is needed on the ground in low-resource settings. The hurdles that innovative ideas face before they can become a sustainable global health solution are many.” The US government has launched a new initiative to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats around the world. The initiative aims to improve security at infectious disease laboratories, strengthen immunization programs, and set up emergency response centers to deal with outbreaks. The Lancet writes about the progress made in the tuberculosis drug pipeline, and the implications for future treatments against the disease. The author notes that while recent developments have been very promising, the health of the pipeline rests in nine candidates—all of which are still in preclinical development.

In this guest post, Claire Wingfield—product development policy officer at PATH—writes about a series of dialogues PATH and other partners convened to discuss public-private partnerships for global health product development. PATH recently released a report outlining the key themes and recommendations identified during the three policy dialogues. Last year PATH hosted a series of dialogues in Washington, DC, London, and Brussels to highlight the role that public-private partnerships play in driving the development and introduction of new and innovative global health technologies. The aim of these discussions was to examine how the private, public, philanthropic, and nonprofit sectors are working together to address the health needs of low- and middle-income countries, and how these partnerships can evolve to sustain progress made during the past decade and better leverage limited resources in the future. Participants at the Brussels dialogue (from left to right): Gianpietro van de Goor, European Commission; Cecile Vernant, DSW Head of EU advocacy; Ole Olesen, EDCTP; MEP Maria da Graça Carvahlo; François Bompart, Sanofi; Claire Wingfield, PATH; Maite Suarez, IAVI. Photo credit: DSW Representatives from the US and European governments, nongovernmental organizations, philanthropies, and the private sector shared lessons learned, challenges, and why they see multi-sector partnerships as the most efficient means for accelerating research and development (R&D) targeting poverty-related and neglected diseases and conditions. At the event in DC—co-hosted by PATH and the Clinton Global Health Initiative in March—participants discussed ways to incentivize private-sector contributions to global health R&D, and leverage public-sector investment. The second dialogue took place in London in June and focused on the successes and challenges of public-private partnerships, and the important (and often unique) role that nonprofit product development organizations like PATH play in bridging the gap between partners and managing a complex portfolio. The third and final meeting, co-convened by PATH and Deutsch Stiftung Weltbevoelkerung (DSW)—a German NGO leading R&D advocacy efforts targeting the European Union—was held in Brussels in October, and participants reinforced the need for European governments to strengthen their investments in global health R&D. The key themes of the dialogues were: Innovative partnerships accelerate product development by bringing together the public and private sectors. Multi-sector partnerships can play an important role to address complex global health challenges. The business of health technology development changes quickly, and innovative, flexible models of collaboration for partnership are essential to ensure success. A comprehensive planning model that accounts for regulatory pathways, procurement, and distribution while products are still in development is necessary to speed product uptake. An important first step to a successful public-private partnership is ensuring the goals and strengths of each partner align. At the start of a project, partners must begin planning for both the product’s development and introduction. The markets of low- and middle-income countries represent tremendous growth opportunities and long-term sustainability for the private sector. By tapping into the burgeoning manufacturing capacity and knowledge economies of these and other low- and middle-income countries, public-private partnerships could better contain costs and support the efforts of government donors and funders that are prioritizing broader international development and economic growth over specific health outcomes. Product development for global health works best, fastest, and most efficiently when undertaken as part of a portfolio model in which partners coordinate R&D activities across a range of products at different stages of development. Because the perceived financial risks are often too high relative to the potential economic returns, and the scientific challenges are daunting for many of these diseases and conditions, it is impossible to rely solely on one organization or sector to meet the health needs of low- and middle-income countries. Therefore governments, academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private companies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries have—and must continue to) come together to share risk, leverage expertise, and maximize impact. These partnerships are an efficient and sustainable model for conducting global health R&D, and their impact can increase with flexible funding and business models, collaborations with nontraditional partners, and in close collaboration with governments and professionals in low- and middle-income countries.

In this regular feature on Breakthroughs, we highlight some of the most interesting reads in global health research from the past week. Japan’s National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), GHTC member Aeras, and Create Vaccine Company have entered an agreement to collaborate on preclinical and clinical development of new tuberculosis vaccines. The partnership will advance vaccine candidates with the NIBIO technology through preclinical studies, with the goal of eventually testing candidates at clinical trial stages. According to SciDev, the UK Department for International Development (DFID)’s budget for research and development has fallen under the current government. DFID’s research budget in 2011-2012 was £11 million—or about US$18 million—below the £237 million that was available in 2009-2010, prior to the coalition government coming to power. In response to a US congressman, Roger Glass—director of the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—made the case for global health research supported by NIH. Glass writes: “In almost every branch of medicine, research overseas has allowed us to advance our discoveries faster, cheaper, and more efficiently than we ever could have at home. We are leaders in global health because we have been able to reach out and engage others to do studies that are locally relevant but can have clear implications for us at home. Global health research truly is the new frontier of science.” amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research has launched a new initiative—called Countdown to a Cure—aimed at funding a “broadly applicable cure for HIV by 2020.” The initiative plans to invest $100 million in cure research over the next six years.