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Senator Hillary Clinton famously wrote that “it takes a village.” Meanwhile, President Donald Trump has increasingly called for other nations to pay “their fair share” in global affairs. While these statements may be rooted in differing worldviews, at their heart they share a common truth: It does take the contributions of many to tackle the world’s greatest challenges—including ending diseases that affect the world’s poorest people like HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.The US government has long played an indispensable role in driving global health progress as the world’s leading funder of research and development (R&D) for new vaccines, treatments, and other tools to fight neglected diseases. It is a blue ribbon honor America should wear proudly. It is a show of both our scientific might and our compassionate hearts; it is making a difference—US support has helped advance 42 new lifesaving global health products approved since 2000, including child-friendly malaria medicines and a vaccine to eliminate meningitis A—and it’s greatly needed. Because neglected diseases strike the world’s poorest places, there is little commercial incentive to develop urgently-needed vaccines or medicines, making government R&D investment vital to drive progress.Yet, new research shows that other countries are increasingly stepping up to the plate to fund neglected disease R&D, narrowing the United States’ significant global lead, and that is news that should be welcomed by all Americans, no matter on which side of the political aisle you sit.According to the latest G-FINDER survey by Policy Cures Research, which tracks annual global investment in R&D for neglected diseases, global funding in 2017 reached the highest level ever recorded by the survey—US$3.56 billion, up 7 percent from the previous year and the highest year-over-year percentage increase documented in ten years. Importantly, while the US government did increase its investment by $23 million, countries other than the United States were the primary drivers of this overall global funding growth. Several larger government funders, including the United Kingdom, the European Commission, India, and Germany significantly increased their funding, while smaller donors like South Africa, Brazil, and Japan also increased investment—leading to the most diversified funding pool for neglected disease R&D ever recorded by the G-FINDER.Rarely do Americans like to cede part of our lead in any arena, but in this case, we should feel pride and encouragement that the gap is beginning to narrow between the United States and other funders. The US government’s historical leadership in neglected disease R&D has both built a foundation and set a bar. Now, other nations are striving to follow our lead and meet our example. Millions of people worldwide, including Americans, will benefit.A patients with sleeping sickness in the DRC. Photo: PATH/Georgina Goodwin We are already seeing the incredible gains from past investment in neglected disease R&D. Last year alone we saw the emergence of game-changing new tools like fexinidazole, the first all-oral treatment for sleeping sickness; tafenoquine, the first new treatment for plasmodium vivax malaria in 60 years; and moxidectin, the first new treatment for river blindness in 20 years.However, despite the tremendous progress in global health achieved through innovation, there is still a long way to go. We still don’t have the tools we need to combat many diseases that continue to impoverish communities and threaten health security. New next-generation vector control products, new vaccines and treatments, and improved point-of-care diagnostics are urgently needed.While this year’s global funding increase is cause for celebration and will bring us closer to meeting the world’s R&D health challenges, as a global community we are still falling short of the funding levels needed to deliver health for all and quell emerging epidemic threats. Not a single country in 2017, including the United States, met the World Health Organization recommendation that member states dedicate at least .01 percent of their Gross Domestic Product to research into the health needs of developing countries. Continuing the current positive funding trajectory and ultimately closing the resource gap for neglected disease R&D will take both sustained funding from the US government and increased investment from other nations and stakeholders. The United States can help deliver a safer, healthier world for all. We can’t do it alone, but we can continue to lead the way.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign-up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. According to clinical trial results recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine, tafenoquine—a new single-dose oral antimalarial drug developed by Medicines for Malaria Venture and GlaxoSmithKline—significantly lowered the risk of the recurrence of malaria caused by the Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) species of the parasite. P. vivax malaria affects approximately 7.5 million people annually and often lies dormant in the liver even after initial treatment, causing debilitating recurring malaria episodes. This single-dose treatment could significantly boost cure rates, as adherence to the standard two-week drug course is difficult in low-resource regions in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and parts of North Africa where this form of malaria is endemic. Based on the results of this clinical trial, the US Food and Drug Administration has already approved tafenoquine for use in July 2018, followed by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration in September 2018. A new, long-acting contraceptive designed to be self-administered by women using microneedle skin patch technology could provide a valuable new family planning option, particularly for women in low-resource settings where access to healthcare can be limited. When the patch is applied to the skin, microscopic needles break off and remain under the surface of the skin where biodegradable polymers slowly release the contraceptive drug, levonorgestrel. In animal testing, an experimental microneedle patch provided a therapeutic level of contraceptive hormone for more than a month with a single application. Experimental patches designed for humans have been developed but not yet tested. If the microneedle contraceptive patch does eventually reach the market, it could become the first self-administered, long-acting contraceptive that does not require a conventional needle injection.A new rapid DNA and RNA sequencing device could offer potential to instantly diagnose viruses such as Ebola or Zika at the point of care during an outbreak. Researchers at the French agricultural research institute CIRAD have found a way to use a device known as the Oxford Nanopore MinION device, which can sequence DNA and RNA in real time, to identify plant viruses—and potentially animal and human viruses too. The CIRAD team was able to test and validate the use of this portable device to identify plant viruses quickly and early in the infection process—avoiding the time-consuming and potentially dangerous task of transferring contaminated samples to a lab. The device’s ability to rapidly and accurately detect a virus in plants is a step forward in providing real-time detection of viruses with a mobile device, which would be especially useful in low-resource settings and remote areas. This device has the potential to help public health officials manage outbreaks by reducing the time between taking a sample and diagnosing it as carrying a particular virus—enabling the detection of potential outbreaks at an earlier stage than was previously possible.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign-up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email. Scientists at the University of Texas Medical Branch have developed an experimental, single-dose drug that has shown to successfully protect non-human primates against all known strains of the Ebola virus. "Our experimental drug can protect against all forms of Ebola known to harm people, suggesting that it will continue to protect people if the Ebola viruses evolve over time," noted scientist Thomas Geisbert. In contrast to many other therapeutics developed to protect against Ebola, a single-dose, broadly effective drug could provide protection against the virus quickly and efficiently during an outbreak while reducing the burden on health care workers in the field. Further studies could explore the efficacy of lower doses of the drug, which could allow for easy-to-administer treatment via auto-injectors.Researchers at the University of Arizona have taken a major step forward in developing a “mosquito birth control” drug—which targets a unique protein in female mosquitoes—to help curb the spread of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. This unique protein is critical for a female’s offspring to hatch and when blocked causes defective shells, leaving the embryos inside to die. Developing a drug that targets this specific protein could provide a way to reduce mosquito populations without harming other insects, such as bees. One scientist noted he hoped this discovery could lead to the development of new insecticides within the next five years, which could be applied to bednets and used in anti-mosquito sprays. Researchers at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland have developed an experimental new treatment for tuberculosis (TB), which is administered using an inhaler. The treatment—which reduces the bacteria in the lungs that causes TB while helping the patient’s immune system fight the disease—uses all trans retinoic acid (atRA), a derivative of Vitamin A that has been shown as an effective treatment for TB. To deliver the treatment, researchers packaged atRA into safe-for-consumption particles small enough to use in an inhaler. The particles significantly reduced TB-causing bacteria and associated lung damage, which supports the treatment’s potential for clinical testing.

Interested in more global health innovation news? Every week GHTC scours media reports worldwide to deliver essential global health R&D news and content to your inbox. Sign-up now to receive our weekly R&D News Roundup email.Scientists from the Fraunhofer Society have developed a first-of-its kind technology that uses electron beams to produce inactivated vaccines quickly and reproducibly without the use of chemicals. Inactivated vaccines contain pathogens that have been killed so they are no longer harmful to patients. Often these pathogens are killed using chemicals, such as diluted formaldehyde. This process is time consuming and can have a negative impact on both the structure of the pathogen and the reproducibility of the vaccine. The new technique uses electrons to fragment the DNA of the pathogens while maintaining their external structure, which is key to triggering an effective immune response. It will likely be another two to four years before vaccines produced using electron beams can be tested in clinical trials. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track designation to Valneva’s chikungunya vaccine candidate, which will allow the product to receive expedited review by the agency given it holds potential to fill an unmet medical need. The company is expected to release phase 1 data for the vaccine candidate in the coming weeks. Currently, there are no approved treatments or vaccines for chikungunya‒a disease that causes debilitating joint pain‒though there are several candidate vaccines in clinical testing.The Marburg virus, a deadly cousin of Ebola, has been isolated in fruit bats in Sierra Leone, marking the first time the virus has been found in West Africa. According to two teams of scientists involved in this discovery, five bats caught in three health districts tested positive for the virus. Genetic testing revealed multiple strains of the virus in each bat, which suggests that the virus has circulated in West Africa for many years. This testing was done as part of a project funded by the US Agency for International Development, known as PREDICT, which aims to detect dangerous pathogens in animals and take steps to prevent them from crossing over into humans and triggering disease outbreaks. PREDICT takes a “one health” approach by uniting the work of medical doctors, veterinarians, and occasionally plant biologists to detect threats in other species.