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An international research team led by the University of Liverpool has discovered an exciting new class of antibiotics with the potential to target some of the world’s most dangerous multidrug-resistant bacteria, including MRSA and Enterococcus faecium, as experts continue to warn of the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance. The new class, Novltex, targets a key component of bacterial cell walls that does not mutate, meaning that, unlike traditional antibiotics, it could offer long-lasting protection against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Novltex is a synthetically designed platform, making it cheaper to produce and easier to scale up for global use than common antibiotics that utilize complex, expensive natural molecules. In studies so far, researchers found Novltex to be potent and fast-acting, even at low doses, and safe. A research team led by investigators at Weill Cornell Medicine has been awarded a five-year, $20.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the US National Institutes of Health to further the preclinical development of a promising experimental HIV vaccine for pediatric populations. Experts agree that a preventive vaccine for HIV could help turn the tide of the pandemic. Previous studies of the experimental vaccine found that it was safe and may be effective in infants, although it seems to only work in young immune systems, not in adults. The new funding will support optimization of the vaccine in preparation for clinical trials in infants in parts of the world with a high burden of HIV. Researchers at Tulane University have designed an optimized CRISPR-based tuberculosis (TB) test that uses a simple tongue swab, which, if it continues to demonstrate promise, could be a breakthrough for TB testing. Current TB tests often rely on sputum, which can be difficult to collect and which not everyone can produce, and require sophisticated laboratory equipment and skilled health care workers, leading to gaps in diagnosis, particularly in low-resource settings. The researchers built on a previous CRISPR-based TB test, developing an assay that they found to be highly effective using tongue swabs and also highly sensitive in detecting TB in respiratory, pediatric stool, and spinal fluid samples. This painless and low-resource method could improve access to TB testing, particularly at the point of care in remote and low-resource communities. 

GHTC delivered the below statement at the second official meeting of the negotiators of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system annex to the Pandemic Agreement.We welcome the start of negotiations for a Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing (PABS) system. Your work together in the months to come will be essential to making the world safer for everyone. Given the short timeline for finalizing negotiations, we propose the following actions to ensure successful deliberations: First, we call for a process that systematically and meaningfully engages civil society and relevant stakeholders as experts to reflect an inclusive, whole-of-society approach. We welcome the strategy of hosting informal sessions with experts, member states, and civil society ahead of each meeting of the Intergovernmental Working Group to help advance shared understanding and agreement.  We also call on member states to work with all relevant stakeholders to define the scope of "materials and sequence information on pathogens with pandemic potential." Negotiations to date have focused on human samples and information, even though the majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses.Lastly, greater clarity is also still needed about how the World Health Organization will distribute benefits. The current draft agreement states that "the distribution of these vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics shall be on the basis of public health risk and need, with particular attention to the needs of developing countries."  But "public health risk and need" is a subjective categorization and could necessarily be affected by political imperatives. We therefore urge member states to outline decision-making criteria and make these publicly available for scrutiny. We know the coming months will present a challenging test for member states to find breakthroughs, and we encourage all parties to underscore their political commitment to the process. Success can only be achieved through a strong emphasis on equity and transparency, enshrined through robust and meaningful provisions in the PABS framework. We look forward to our continued participation in these forums to advance a meaningful outcome.

Last Wednesday, Emergent BioSolutions announced that it has received a $56 million contract extension with the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response to supply the US government with doses of a combined smallpox/mpox vaccine. The single-dose vaccine was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2007 for smallpox and, since 2024, has been one of two approved vaccines for smallpox and mpox. The vaccine doses, which will be stored in the Strategic National Stockpile, aim to boost US preparedness for future public health emergencies. A novel breakthrough method that utilizes artificial intelligence and advanced imaging technologies to more accurately and efficiently identify therapeutic antibodies could transform the way researchers develop treatments for infectious diseases, particularly emerging diseases, by significantly accelerating research. The method reduces the time needed to identify antibodies with potential from weeks to under a day and can also accomplish this task more efficiently, requiring far fewer researchers dedicating their time to screening thousands of candidate antibodies. This could allow researchers to move on from antibody discovery to the later stages of drug and vaccine development earlier and, ultimately, bring lifesaving products to patients faster. A recently published study found promising results for a new approach to developing broad-spectrum antivirals to treat existing viral infections and maybe even to prevent infections from emerging viral threats. Broad-spectrum antivirals are treatments that could combat a wide range of viruses by hitting essential targets that are common across many different viruses. While there are broad-spectrum treatments for bacterial infections, there has not been a similar broad-spectrum antiviral treatment approved for human use, in part because the proteins on the surface of a virus vary widely and change rapidly over time. The researchers focused on small molecules called synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SRCs), which earlier studies have suggested could be a potential target for antiviral medicines. They tested 57 different SRCs against six deadly viruses from three different viral families, including the viruses behind COVID-19, MERS, Nipah, and Ebola, finding several promising SRCs that blocked cells in the lab from being affected by all the viruses, some of which also later demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in mice.