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An international research team, led by scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, shared the results of the Phase 1 trial of a novel vaccine designed to protect against typhoid fever and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, reporting that the vaccine produced a strong immune response and was safe and well-tolerated in a small group of healthy US adults. These encouraging findings pave the way for the next step of evaluating the vaccine in children. A single vaccine that targets Typhoid fever and non-typhoid Salmonella, both leading causes of illness and death in children in Africa, could be a game-changer for pediatric health. The vaccine could also help protect people in the United States and other high-income countries, where some types of Salmonella are common causes of foodborne illness. Following the example of the US military, who often wear uniforms treated with insecticide to repel mosquitoes in malaria-endemic regions, a research team has tested a similar approach to try to protect young children, who face a significant burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. While existing vector control tools, such as insecticide-treated bednets, only protect children while they’re sleeping, a large randomized controlled trial in Uganda tested the efficacy of insecticide-treated baby wraps, used in conjunction with bednets. The trial found that the baby wraps were highly effective at preventing malaria infections. The dramatic scale of the reduction of new infections also suggests that malaria-carrying mosquitoes were biting during the daytime more often than previously thought, which could help guide the development of new vector control tools and approaches. Last week, The Safety of Antimalarials in the FIRst trimEster (SAFIRE) consortium announced that it had enrolled its first patient in Mali, marking the official start of the first-ever Phase 3 adaptive platform trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of antimalarial drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy. The trial is a landmark achievement that could not only help fill the crucial gap of safe and effective options for pregnant women at risk of malaria, but it is also a step toward equity and inclusion for clinical research and drug development in general, which have long excluded pregnant women, fueling the gap in the first place. SAFIRE partners have shared that early formative research in the communities where the trial will take place was a crucial step in ensuring that the design and process were appropriate and acceptable to the communities. The study will continue to progress in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Kenya. 

Last week, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its latest reports on the new antibacterial agents and diagnostics in the pipeline, seeking to encourage research and development (R&D) to invigorate the sparse pipeline of tools to address the growing global threat of antibiotic resistance. The report highlights a lack of innovation in the antibacterial pipeline and major gaps in antibacterials targeting the most critical bacterial threats and addressing needs like pediatric formulations and oral treatments for outpatient use. There are similar persistent gaps for diagnostics, including a lack of new tests that are affordable, robust, and easy to use in low-resource settings. A new study, led by Imperial College London and supported by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) found that vaccines designed to protect against a wide range of coronaviruses, including a novel sarbecovirus, the type of coronavirus that includes the viruses that caused SARS and COVID-19, could be a gamechanger in a future global coronavirus pandemic, dramatically reducing deaths and disruption. A broad vaccine like this could be manufactured and stockpiled before an outbreak arises and quickly rolled out when a new outbreak is identified, providing protection to high-risk populations 60 years and older. This immediate protection could be a powerful stopgap while a new vaccine targeting the specific virus behind the outbreak is developed. An international research team has developed a simple, affordable HPV test that delivers results in less than an hour outside of a specialized laboratory, which could be a breakthrough for improving access to cervical cancer screening for women in low-resource settings. Cervical cancer continues to cause more than 350,000 deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited regular access to cervical cancer screening. The test uses a swab sample and a battery-operated portable device, projected to cost less than $8 each, and it was found to be highly accurate compared to the reference standard. 

Over the past century, partnerships between the US government and scientists have led to major breakthroughs in global health research and development (R&D). Consistent US government funding, combined with the nation’s strong research universities and entrepreneurial spirit, has positioned America as a world leader. This investment has paid off in both health and economic gains. However, that foundation has recently weakened, as US government actions have sharply reduced research spending and limited global health research collaborations. These changes risk driving US researchers abroad and eroding the very strengths that made the United States such a scientific powerhouse. The result could be fewer breakthroughs, fewer economic benefits, and a costly brain drain for our nation. How we got here America’s global health research leadership is built on the backbone of decades of government investment by agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the US Agency for International Development (USAID). This support built a top-tier talent pool at home and drew innovators from abroad—giving the United States a strong competitive advantage. That advantage is now in jeopardy. Recent policy and budget decisions have led to the termination of thousands of NIH grants, the wind-down of BARDA’s mRNA vaccine work, the closure of USAID and near-total cancellation of its health R&D awards, and the loss of more than 20,000 jobs at the Department of Health and Human Services. More cuts and restructuring are proposed.New federal rules are also disrupting universities—the backbone of US biomedical research. To stay eligible for federal funding, institutions must meet shifting requirements, adding costs and uncertainty. At the same time, new NIH policies have restricted international partnerships and broadly limited "dangerous gain-of-function research,” including studies that leading experts consider to be safe. Research on infectious diseases like tuberculosis has been disrupted as a result.  Funding for training young scientists is also falling. NIH’s main program for supporting early-career researchers saw its grant spending drop from $2.2 billion in 2024 to $1.7 billion in 2025. Without reliable support, many students and junior researchers may take their talents abroad—or abandon their field altogether. The international response In the wake of these changes, other countries are moving quickly to recruit US researchers.  In May, the European Union pledged $567 million over three years to “make Europe a magnet for researchers.” Similarly, the Netherlands launched a new fund to attract top international scientists, and Norway unveiled a £7.2 million program to recruit researchers. The head of Norway’s Research Council pointed to the pressure US researchers are facing on academic freedom as part of its rationale.  Individual universities are also joining in. Aix-Marseille University in France launched its Safe Place for Science program to attract US scientists who may “feel threatened or hindered in their research.” The Free University Brussels created a dedicated point of contact for US researchers interesting in continuing their work in Belgium. The message from abroad is clear: America’s loss can be their gain. So what?As the US retreats, the center of gravity for biomedical research may shift overseas. Data from Nature’s jobs board shows that in the first few months of the current administration, US job-seekers applying abroad rose sharply: 41 percent more to Canada, 32 percent to Europe, 20 percent to China, and 39 percent to other Asian countries compared to the same period in 2024.  Early-career researchers are being hit hardest. At the most innovative and impactful stage of their careers, opportunities are disappearing. Many have been left jobless or unsure if they have a future in their field. The US economy is also at stake. In 2024, NIH-funded research supported more than 400,000 jobs across all 50 states and generated $94.60 billion in economic activity—a return of $2.56 for every dollar spent. Reductions in US spending could shift those economic benefits to other countries. And since no other nation has the resources to fully replace the US’s historic role, we could see fewer medical breakthroughs for the world overall. Without strong and predictable federal research support, the United States risks losing its place as a top engine of global biomedical progress. Young researchers see more uncertainty than opportunity, and other nations are investing heavily to take the lead, accelerating a US brain drain. If US policymakers do not act to restore the foundational factors that rooted American scientific leadership, the future of science may unfold elsewhere—and the next generation of discoveries may not be American-led.  

123September 29, 2025   The Honorable Shelley Moore Capito  Chair Senate Committee on Appropriations  Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Washington, DC 20510  The Honorable Tammy Baldwin  Vice Chair Senate Committee on Appropriations  Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Washington, DC 20510   The Honorable Robert Aderholt Chair House Committee on Appropriations  Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Washington. DC 20515  The Honorable Rosa DeLauro  Ranking Member House Committee on Appropriations  Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Washington, DC 20515  Dear Chair Capito, Chair Aderholt, Ranking Member Baldwin, and Ranking Member DeLauro:  On behalf of the TB Roundtable, a group of organizations that advocates for robust domestic and global federal tuberculosis (TB) funding, legislation, and policies that support eradicating the disease, and the undersigned fourteen organizations, we thank you for your continued work on Fiscal Year (FY) 2026 appropriations and your commitment to fighting TB around the world, including efforts to fight the disease here in the United States.  As the House and Senate committees move to conference their FY 2026 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies bills, we respectfully ask that you protect funding for the Global Tuberculosis CDC program. Additionally, we urge you to refrain from consolidating Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention grants under the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention program in a final FY 2026 appropriations bill.  Globally, TB has resurged as the deadliest infectious disease, infecting 10.8 million people and killing 1.25 million people in 2023 alone. Since TB is the world’s leading infectious disease killer, the TB community of health experts, researchers, implementers, and advocates emphasizes the urgent need for increased resources to outpace this disease to decrease preventable deaths and infection rates. TB continues to disproportionately affect people in poor and vulnerable communities around the world and domestically in the U.S. Further, cuts to programs that help identify and treat TB alongside under-resourced programs over the past two decades have led to harder-to-treat and deadlier strains of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and in rare cases extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB). Drug-resistant forms of TB continue to drive rising rates of antimicrobial resistance globally.  Recent funding disruptions to global TB programs have resulted in people sick with TB going undiagnosed and, in some cases, losing access to lifesaving treatment. These disruptions are projected to lead to about a 30 percent increase in TB incidence, which includes new multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) cases in the U.S. in the next year. Additionally, because of the failure to control the global TB epidemic, experts estimate that it will cost the U.S. health system an additional $40 million next year to treat and manage TB in the U.S. As cases continue to rise across the globe, it is imperative to continue the CDC’s Global Tuberculosis work to coordinate with countries to prevent, diagnose, and treat TB. The CDC’s Global TB program is uniquely positioned and skilled to strengthen laboratory networks and infection control measures. Their efforts enhance surveillance and response systems to prevent outbreaks and monitor TB trends globally, particularly for drug-resistant TB. If these cuts are enacted, a resurgence of TB globally is expected which will lead to additional domestic drug-resistant TB outbreaks despite decades of declining rates of diagnosis in the U.S. With a lean budget, CDC’s global TB program is focused on stretching U.S. investments further and supporting other governments to increase their own investments. CDC’s global TB program partners with countries like the Philippines and India, who invest tens of millions of dollars in their own domestic resources against TB every year, to strengthen their programs. TB programs continue to face historic strain as the frontline response against airborne infectious diseases, and as TB rates and deaths continue to rise.  The CDC’s domestic TB programming keeps Americans safer and healthier. TB continues to be detected in every U.S. state and territory and the highest number of TB cases in over ten years. The CDC estimates up to 13 million people in the U.S. live with latent TB infection–of which 1 in 10 will get sick with active TB. Recent large outbreaks in Kansas have highlighted the need for robust TB monitoring and funding to preserve core public health infrastructure. Our previous success in reducing TB numbers in the U.S. can be directly attributed to the dedicated funding provided to CDC's Division of TB Elimination.  Prior to receiving directly appropriated funding, states and local health departments received funding for TB control in communicable disease block grants. As TB cases declined after a surge of the disease in the early 20th century, categorical federal funding ended and local funding was shifted to other priorities. However, this de-prioritization resulted in a deadly resurgence of the disease in the 1990s, with over 25,000 TB cases being reported per year. Following a significant federal investment in TB control activities in 1993, with a return to designated funding for TB control activities, TB cases began to decline nationwide. Currently, the House FY 2026 LHHS report proposes taking the country back to the block grant structure we know will lead to higher TB cases and consolidating funding for the CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention grants. In order to continue our current success, Congress must not block grant STD and TB funding, but rather should maintain currently dedicated funding for TB prevention and control programs that have been vital to keeping domestic TB cases in check.  TB is a national health security issue—but one that can be course corrected with adequate resources. Robust funding both globally and domestically is needed to recover momentum against the disease and save lives. The current proposals in the House FY 2026 LHHS report to cut vital TB elimination programs put progress achieved over the last few years at risk. Any program cuts or efforts to create block grants will create more room for this disease to spread and the development of drug resistance, which we cannot afford to risk. We therefore urge you to protect the CDC’s Global Tuberculosis program funding and refrain from consolidating Sexually Transmitted Disease and Tuberculosis Prevention grants under the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention program in a final appropriations bill.  Sincerely,   American Thoracic Society Association of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations (AAPCHO) AVAC Georgia AIDS Coalition Global Health Technologies Coalition National Tuberculosis Coalition of America (NTCA) North East Medical Services (NEMS) Partners in Health RESULTS Scene Health Stop TB USA TB Alliance TB Elimination Alliance Treatment Action Group (TAG)   CC: The Honorable Tom Cole, The Honorable Susan Collins, The Honorable Patty Murray